Various types of PVC compounds are specifically formulated for use in electrical wires and cables, primarily categorized by their intended application and performance characteristics, such as temperature resistance and fire safety.

The primary categories of PVC compounds for wire and cable applications include:

General Purpose Insulation/Sheath (Type A / Type B / ST1 / ST2): These are standard, cost-effective compounds designed for typical wiring applications (e.g., house wiring) with a maximum continuous operating temperature for the conductor around 70°C. They offer good electrical insulation, mechanical strength, and fire resistance, making them a common choice for low to medium voltage systems.

Heat Resistant (Type C / ST2 / TI3): These compounds are engineered to withstand higher operating temperatures, typically up to 85°C or 90°C, without degrading or losing their mechanical and electrical properties. They are used in heavy-duty applications and industrial settings where heat generation is a concern.

Flame Retardant (FR): Due to the inherent chlorine content, all PVC offers self-extinguishing properties. However, specific FR compounds are enhanced with additional additives to meet stringent fire safety standards, further reducing the spread of fire.

Flame Retardant Low Smoke (FRLS) / Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH): These specialized compounds are designed for use in enclosed public spaces (e.g., buildings, transportation systems) where the emission of smoke and toxic gases during a fire is a critical concern. They release significantly less smoke and corrosive gases compared to standard PVC, improving safety and visibility during an emergency evacuation.

Oil and Chemical Resistant (YOE / TM5): Formulations for these compounds include specific plasticizers and stabilizers that enhance their resistance to oils, acids, alkalis, and various industrial chemicals. They are primarily used as sheathing materials in industrial environments, such as factories and oil drilling platforms.

Cold Resistant (YK): These compounds maintain their flexibility and mechanical performance at sub-zero temperatures, often down to -40°C, making them suitable for use in cold climates or outdoor installations where standard PVC might become brittle.
The specific performance requirements (e.g., flexibility, hardness, UV resistance) are achieved through careful formulation with various additives like plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, and colorants.